461. Kth Smallest Numbers in Unsorted Array [LintCode]

Find the kth smallest numbers in an unsorted integer array.

Example

Given[3, 4, 1, 2, 5], k =3, the 3rd smallest numbers are[1, 2, 3].

Kth Smallest Numbers in Unsorted Array &

Kth Largest Element &

Median

用一个叫做Quick Select的方法,是快速排序的步骤。

每执行一次,可以将比pivot大(小)的数归到数组的左侧,比pivot小(大)的数都归到数组右侧,并得到这个pivot的坐标。这样得到两段(或者三段),第一段是start ~ right,第二段是left ~ end,有可能中间有一个元素right + 1(left - 1)。比较k在哪个区间,则继续递归那个区间。

时间复杂度为O(n) : 用O(n)的方法将T(n)的问题变成T(n/2)的问题。

class Solution {
    /*
     * @param k an integer
     * @param nums an integer array
     * @return kth smallest element
     */
    public int kthSmallest(int k, int[] nums) {
        // write your code here
        if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        return quickSelect(nums, 0, nums.length - 1, k - 1);
    }

    private int quickSelect(int[] nums, int start, int end, int k) {
        int left = start;
        int right = end;
        int pivot = nums[start + (end - start) / 2];
        while (left <= right) {
            while (left <= right && nums[left] < pivot) {
                left++;
            }
            while (left <= right && nums[right] > pivot) {
                right--;
            }
            if (left <= right) {
                int temp = nums[left];
                nums[left] = nums[right];
                nums[right] = temp;
                left++;
                right--;
            }
        }
        if (start <= k && k <= right) {
            return quickSelect(nums, start, right, k);
        }
        if (left <= k && k <= end) {
            return quickSelect(nums, left, end, k);
        }
        return nums[right + 1];
    }
};

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